EFFECTS OF EXHAUST FUMES
Exhaust fumes from cars cause acid rain, pollution, lead-poisoning, diseases such as
cancer, and a variety of bronchial and respiratory illnesses. 

The average car emits a cocktail of more than 1,000 pollutants. Here are some:

CARBON MONOXIDE
One of the most toxic substances.

Causes headache and affects the central nervous system, heart and blood flow in the body.
Fatal in large doses.

NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. Reduces lung function. Causes increased susceptibility to viral infections.

TETRA ETHYL LEAD
Extremely toxic.
Low-level exposure over a long period affects the nervous system and blood.
Impairs mental capacity of children.

NITRIC OXIDE AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE
These form acid rain.Create a lack of oxygen in water bodies, killing wildlife.

BENZENE
Causes headache,vomiting,disorientation, shakiness,elevated heart rate, and loss of consciousness. Linked to anemia, leukemia and cancer.

SULPHUROUS EMISSIONS
Cause soil and water acidification. Damage plants.

EFFECTS OF EXHAUST FUMES

CLIMATE TALKS

Climate negotiations  held in South Africa with 190 countries remain divided about the future of how to fight global warming. Here are some ways you can lower the rising Earth temperature and curb its harmful effects .

Remove sustainable transport
Lace up your shoes and walk, jump on your bike, or take the bus or train for a number of low or zero carbon ways to get around the city.
Changing a light bulb
Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. It uses less power while emitting the same amount of light and last ten times longer.
Use less stuff
Many of us have a lot of unnecessary garbage and it does not necessarily make us happier. Focus on acquiring fewer things you do not need and reuse things whenever possible.
Torque
Your equipment and mobile phone chargers Unplug when not in use so they do not waste energy.
Buy Green
While shopping, read the labels to go for the most sustainable version of what you get. This will help send a
Message to the producers.
Reduction & Recycling
Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buy products with minimal packaging. Recycling paper, plastic, newspapers, glass and aluminum cans.
Choose organic foods
Organic farmers do not use pesticides and fertilizers that pollute the air, waters and soil and add to the greenhouse gases. 
Use less air conditioning
Instead, use an electric fan. Air-con uses the majority of  electricity in a home. Electricity used by an air-con corresponds to the energy used by about 32 fans.

CARBON TRADING

Emissions trading is a market based tool to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The largest carbon market in the world, the European Union Emissions Trading System. It includes approximately 12,000 installations in the European Union.

Each Member State shall establish its own emission based on international and national emission reduction targets. Countries then distribute permits called EU allowances to individual companies, which together represent the lid. Companies that do not have enough allowances to cover their emissions must either make reductions in emissions or buy another firm's spare permits. The allowances can be bought and sold throughout the EU.

The market participants mostly consist of utilities, industrial companies, energy trading houses, hedge funds, banks and speculators.

BIO FUEL PLANTS


Jatropha
Grows in tropical and subtropical areas 25 to 40 percent of each seed oil consists of oil can be converted into bio diesel for transport and can also replace firewood for cooking in rural areas.

Green
Can grow in semi-arid soils and degraded land, which means that it does not compete with food crops.

In order to maximize its yield point, up to 20,000 liters of water are required for every liter of bio diesel  making the most hungry of the plants.

Algae
Grow in water.
Oil may constitute more than 50 percent of its mass.
Enzymes produced by algae is naturally occurring and pose no danger to humans.

Green
Do not compete with food crops for land.
Fresh water is produced as a by algae carbon dioxide, water and minerals into oil ^ Dead algae are composted in nitrogen-rich fertilizers, fossil fuels fertilizer.

Palm Oil
Production of palm oil in 2009, nearly 43 million tonnes, mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia

Green
Crop         Oil yield per hectare (t)
Oil palm    5
Jatropha    2
Rape         1.5 5
Soybeans  0.5 5

Rapeseed
Often in combination with fossil fuel to make a more environmentally friendly mix.
Can also be cooked.
Up to 40 percent of a seed consisting of oil.

Green
By-product of oil production can be used to feed animals
Also used as a winter crop to protect the soil.

BIO FUEL PLANTS

Artificial Leaf Renewable Energy

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have created a source of renewable energy, they call Artificial Leaf.

Made in laboratories using a combination of silicon, cobalt and nickel, Leaf is as thin as a sheet of paper and acts as a solar cell. It absorbs energy from the sun and when inserted into the water, divide the liquid into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen gases like how photosynthesis does in real systems.

This could pave the way for a renewable source of hydrogen gas, which can then be used for hydrogen fuel cells. It's big deal because hydrogen gas in its natural form is not easily available on Earth.

Current methods of making hydrogen is expensive and consumes much power as it requires a chemical process to break down water or various kinds of hydrocarbons like ethanol to get it.

This means With further refinement, the device pave the way for sustainable and renewable hydrogen fuel cells powered by nothing but water and sunlight. MIT professor Daniel Nocera believes that with a single liter of water, the Leaf produce enough electricity to power a house for a whole day.

Artificial Leaf Renewable Energy

A CLIMATE FOR CHANGES

The drive for sustainable economic growth does not necessarily make substantial investments in state of the art technology, such as installing solar panels and designing green buildings. Every entrepreneur can contribute to sustainable development in simple ways, such as prints in employees and customers habits regarding the responsible use of resources or making a conscious effort to become more environmentally-friendly packaging options.

Here are some easy ways to reduce waste, reduce costs and save the environment:

Reduce widespread use of plastic ware. Many food vendors waive your plastic utensils with takeaway food if customers need them or not. What they could do instead is to show signs informing customers to ask for utensils if they  needed.

Down with unnecessary packaging or alternative ways to present or to keep your products. For example, many fast food chains now abolished foam boxes and provide sauces in dispensers instead of individual packages.

Except for confidential and important documents, companies should refrain from dispatching correspondence, newsletters, letters and general comments to the employees in  envelopes.

Allocate collection point for used envelopes that can then be used for internal correspondence, and pre-paid envelopes that can also be recycled.

Spend wisely instead of spending in good times and "austerity drives" in silence periods start. For example, give some thought to what types of corporate souvenirs/ door gifts you present to clients and employees. Are they necessary, and they serve some useful purpose? Can money be spent in better ways? Most people do not know what to do with yet another mug, mouse pad or umbrella received, it would certainly appreciate a voucher redeemable for consumer goods or useful services.

Small things counts. If organizations make a concerted effort to integrate environmental conservation goals with their business interests, they can literally help change the world.

A CLIMATE FOR CHANGES